how to compose and understand spoken and written english text, kinds of text and short functional text especially for elementary and secondary students
Friday, May 21, 2010
The Present Continuous Tense
Thursday, May 20, 2010
Reports
Tuesday, May 18, 2010
Lost Notice
January at Simpang Lima.
Saturday, May 15, 2010
Greeting Card Examples
Friday, May 14, 2010
Greeting Card
Dear Lisa,
Love,
Tuesday, May 4, 2010
Invitation Card
Monday, May 3, 2010
Sunday, May 2, 2010
Saturday, May 1, 2010
What is Postcard?
Postcards often have a picture or photograph on one side.
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (Hornby, 2002)
Here is an example of a postcard:
Kuta, March 20, 2008
Dear Sari,
I arrived in Bali 2 days ago. It is a wonderful place. The beaches are
nice. The hotel is right on the beach. I toured the island yesterday and
brought some souvenirs for friends in Surabaya. I’ll be back on Sunday.
Well, that’s all for now.
Regards for your family.
Love,
Risma
Wednesday, April 28, 2010
Shopping List
Tuesday, April 27, 2010
Shopping List
Monday, April 26, 2010
Congratulation Card
Wednesday, April 21, 2010
An Example of Report Text
Generic Structure | Computer |
General classification | Computers are machines that handle information automatically. They can perform calculations and process data. Computers can work with number to solve problems in a few seconds. Computers can remember a great deal of information and make practically no mistakes. That is why computers are widely used in places such as banks, offices and companies. |
Description of How computer work Description of computer parts and their functions | Computers work like calculators. But most calculations can do only one thing at time. We tell them what to do by pressing various buttons. To do the same work, we can give a series of instructions to a computer. We call this is a computer program. If we step up a program, the computer can provide other information, such as a list, numbers, letters, words or even graphs or pictures. Once we provide a program, the computer can do all this work automatically without further help or instruction. A computer stores and handles numbers. The numbers may be mathematicall formulas or columns figures. The numbers may be codes that stand for letters of the alphabet, words or instructions to the computer. All computers have three basic parts: 1. input and output units (I/O). The input unit takes in the information and instructions, and the output unit gives the results. 2. A central processing unit (CPU). This unit does the work of computing. 3. A memory. It stores or remembers the informations and instructions that the CPU needs to do the work. I/O. One of them is video-terminal. The video terminal has a typewriter like keyboards and screen like television screen. We can see the output of the computer on the screen. If we need a permanent record of a computer’s output, a printer will make it. And if the computer’s main memory can not hold enough information, magnetic disk or tapes can be used for this purpose. The computer then can turn the information stored on the disks or tapes into numbers or letters. |
Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Report Text
- General Classification : tells what the phenomenon under discussion is.
- Description : tells what the phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of - parts (and their functions)
Tuesday, April 13, 2010
Procedure Text
Monday, April 12, 2010
Procedure Text
Procedure Text
A procedure text generally has a generic structure as follows :
- Title,
- Classification or Definition
- Description of Features in order of importance,
- List of Materials (optional), and
- Series of steps sequenced in logical order
Some sociocultural functions of Procedure text are to give instructions, to give cautions, and to tell time sequences. For instructions and cautions, the language features which are often used are imperative verbs, while sequencers like first, next, then and finally are often used for the time sequences. Sometimes procedure text is also provided with diagrams, flow charts, or ilustrations.
Here is an example of Procedure text, please pay attention to its generic structure.
Text organisation | | Language features |
Goal | Making a Kite | |
Materials | Things You Need 3 pieces of cane (2x60 cm; 1x80 cm)
Thread Large sheet of strong paper (e.g. tissue) Soft pencil Scissors Paint and paint brush Glue Stong string | Precise information how long? how many?
what type?
what type? |
Steps | What to do
The Frame 1. dampen cane to make flexible 2. Carefully, bend cane to desired shape then tie securely with thread.
The Covering 3. Lay frame on sheet of paper 4. Trace around frame with pencil 5. Cut covering approx. 1 cm larger than outline. 6. Paint bird on covering (e.g. owl) 7. When paint is dry, place frame on linking word painted side. Now fold edges of covering over the frame carefully, and glue them down.
The Bridle 8. Cut 3 pieces of string, each 20 cm long. 9. Secure one end of each string tightly to frame at the shoulders and tail of the bird. Then tie the other ends in a knot.
|
Commands details How? With what?
where? action verbs |
Saturday, March 20, 2010
An Example of Recount Text
Generic Structure
| |
Orientation
|
Dear Granpa and Grandma,
Yesterday at my school we had an International Day. We had performances, food stalls, displays, raffle ticket draw, and some of us were dressed in costumes.
|
Event 1
Event 2
Event 3
Event 4
Event 5
|
We started our day off with performances but the one I liked best was the one from fourth grade. We played games. The performance I was in was Lambada.
Straight after our performances we had our lunch. There were food stalls. They came from Australia, Asia, Arab, and Greece.
Everyone had a job. These people were from sixth grade. I did my job after I had lunch. My job was to sell Intenational Day Books.
We had displyas in the hall. These displays were good but I didn’t get to see them. They displays came from a lot of countries.
There were also a Trash and Treasure stall where they sold toys. The school got these things by asking the children to bring them in.
|
Resolution
|
Although I didn’t win anything, International Day was still fun.
Love from Sue
|
Thursday, March 11, 2010
Announcement
Join the extracurricular programms at school.
Feel free to choose your favourite program.
Don’t miss out. Enjoy yourself.
Head of OSIS
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Announcement
Good morning, class.
Join our choir rehearsal every Saturday at 12.30 in the school hall.
All are invited.
Thank you
Saturday, March 6, 2010
Spoken Note
Time for the test.
Prepare a piece of paper.
Write your name on the top of the paper.
Remember. Don’t make any noise.
Friday, March 5, 2010
What is note?
A note is a short informal written message.
(
Here is an example of note :
Shirley,
I won’t be home until late.
Grandpa is in the hospital.
Lunch is on the table. Help yourself.
Wash the dishes.
Water the plants in the front garden.
Thanks
Mom
Friday, February 26, 2010
Narrative Text
A Mouse who always lived on the land, by an unlucky chance, formed an intimate acquaintance with a Frog, who lived, for the most part, in the water.
One day, the Frog was intent on mischief. He tied the foot of the Mouse tightly to his own. Thus joined together, the Frog led his friend the Mouse to the meadow where they usually searched for food.
After this, he gradually led him towards the pond in which he lived, until reaching the banks of the water, he suddenly jumped in, dragging the Mouse with him.
The Frog enjoyed the water amazingly, and swam croaking about, as if he had done a good deed. The unhappy Mouse was soon sputtered and drowned in the water, and his poor dead body floating about on the surface.
A Hawk observed the foating Mouse from the sky, and dove down and grabbed it with his talons, carrying it back to his nest. The Frog, being still fastened to the leg of the Mouse, was also carried off a prisoner, and was eaten by the Hawk.
"Choose your allies carefully"
Wednesday, February 24, 2010
Narrative Text
• Orientation (the beginning or introduction) introduces main characters, setting and time.
• Complication ( middle ): the problem happens among the characters.
• Resolution (ending) : the problem is resolved.
A narrative text usually has moral value.
• Uses many action verb (material processes) and also verbal and mental processes
• Often uses past tense
• Uses many linking words related to time
• Uses dialogues so the tense can be possibly changed
• Descriptive language is used to create imagination in the mind of the readers